History of Jiu-Jitsu
Jiu-Jitsu,
which means gentle art is the oldest form of martial art. It originated
in India more than 2000 years before Christ. It was created by monks
who could not use any type of weapons to defend their lives against
barbarian attacks. It spread through China, and eventually took root
and was elaborated on in Japan becoming the first martial art style.
The samurai clans in Japan adopted Jiu-Jitsu as their own traditional
style to defeat an opponent regardless if the situation was striking,
throwing or grappling. With the passing years, they split the
techniques and developed other martial arts styles, such as judo,
akido, karate, etc.
In 1914, Japanese Jiu-Jitsu champion Esai
Maeda migrated to Brazil, where he was instrumental in establishing a
Japanese immigrant community. His efforts were aided by Gastão Gracie,
a Brazilian scholar and politician of Scottish descent. As an
expression of his gratitude for Gracie's assistance, Maeda taught the
Brazilian's oldest son Carlos the essential secrets of the ancient
martial arts technique. Carlos taught Maeda's techniques to his four
brothers, and in 1925 they opened the first Jiu-Jitsu academy in
Brazil. For the Gracie brothers, teaching the art was more than an
occupation. It was their passion.
One of the brothers, Helio
Gracie, paid special interest to the use of the techniques. Helio being
of small frame, light in weight (only 135 pounds), and in frail health,
was 16 when he began learning Jiu-Jitsu. Being unable to participate in
classes, he would sit and watch his older brother teach every day. One
day when Carlos was unable to make it to class, Helio was asked to
instruct. Because of his size and stature, he began to work with and
adapt the basic rules of Jiu-Jitsu. He introduced the application of
leverage to the art, making it possible for a smaller opponent to
defeat a larger one. He began experimenting, modifying and enhancing
the basic techniques to make them effective for a person regardless of
his or her stature.Thus began the development of a new and more
effective art - Gracie Jiu-Jitsu.
Helio's skills eventually
enabled him to beat some of the world's greatest fighters. Helio's
feats include the longest fight in recorded history - 3 hours and 45
minutes, nonstop - and the historic match against Masahiko Kimura, who
was probably the greatest fighter Japan ever produced. Now in his 90's,
Helio Gracie still teaches and is widely recognized as a living legend.
Helio's
quest became today's Gracie Jiu-Jitsu, a martial art that is
continuously evolving as a result of input from practitioners
throughout the world. Much has been learned since the beginningwhen the
Gracies began developing the sport. Rickson Gracie, one of Helio's
sons, has been the family champion for the past 20 years and is the
ultimate embodiment of Gracie Jiu-Jitsu.
History of Helio Gracie (founder of Gracie Jiu-Jitsu)
At
the age of 17, Helio (pronounced Eh'leeo) first stepped into the ring
in Brazil to face a boxer named Antonio Portugal. Helio won in 30
seconds.
Helio was the first Jiu-Jitsu master in the western
world to fight a Japanese Jiu-Jitsu master: Namiki in 1932. This was
the first time he wore a gi during a fight. The fight ended in a draw,
giving Helio his first credit as a Jiu-Jitsu master in Japan.
Another
amazing performance of Helio was his brilliant fight against Kato,
world Jiu-Jitsu vice-champion, at Maracana Stadium which seats 120,000
people. The fight ended in a draw and Helio asked for a rematch. The
second match, held in Ibirapuera Stadium in Sao Paulo, was a very
technical fight. Helio defeated Kato with a choke hold. His victory
brought glory to Brazil and international recognition to Helio.
Upon
defeating Kato, a challenge match was set between Helio and the world
Japanese champion, Masahiko Kimura, probably the best fighter that
Japan has ever produced. This historical match took place in 1951 and
was held in the Maracana Stadium. At this time, Helio was 42 years old
and weighed 63kg, and his opponent Kimura was 10 years younger than
Helio and weighed 100kg. The 40kg lighter Helio lost after his brother
Carlos threw in the towel.
Throughout his life Helio has had
the opportunity to fight many great fighters including two other well
known Japanese Jiu-Jitsu masters Ono and Massagoishi.
Helio
holds the world record for the longest fight ever: three hours and
forty minutes non-stop, with his student Valdemar Santana.
Helio
also challenged boxing greats Primo Carnera and Ezzard Charles, as well
as world champion Joe Louis to matches to compare styles. They all
declined.
An example of courage and determination, Helio
became a national hero in Brazil. After a lifetime of Jiu-Jitsu, today
in his 90's, he still teaches the art and has the same determination to
live Jiu-Jitsu as his lifestyle. He is recognized as the creator of
what is today known as Gracie Jiu-Jitsu.